개화기 연설의 ‘근대적 말하기’ 형성과정 연구

Abstract

Enlightening speech, which forms a systematic image of society and delivers messages based on the image, was started in modern times. Speeches in the Kaewhagy were first introduced as the concept of public speech for enlightenment, and then differentiated into various speech methods. Research on speech in the Kaewhagy has been conducted in various areas. However, they did not explain properly the process that speeches were produced and accepted in the social context of the Kaewhagy, and examined speeches in that period as an extension although the pattern and education of speech in the Kaewhagy were changed markedly through the enactment of the Newspaper Act in 1907 and the Publishing Act in 1909. In order to overcome these limitations, this study divided the Kaewhagy into the late 1890s and the late 1900s and examined the formation process of ‘modern speaking’ focusing on speech. Because most of people were illiterate in the late 1890s, intellectuals in those days used audible speeches as a means of education for people. Speech educators in the 1st period such as Seo Jae‐pil and Yoon Chi‐ho organized the Hyupseonghoi( Debating Society of Baejae School)the Debating Meeting of the Independence Association, and spread the ideas of enlightenment through these meetings, and they also educated speech methods. Because the period demanded people’s collective agreement urgently, speeches were mostly political speeches or discussions on national affairs, and passion for speech spread throughout the country with the holding of Manmingongdonghoi(Congress of Mass People) in February 1898. In this way, speeches in the late 1890s were instruments for the spread of enlightenment discourses and grounds for the exchange of public opinions and social communication, and at the same time, were used as a means of social mobilization for encouraging people’s political participation. In the late 1900s, strong regulations were imposed on speeches and discussions. As a result, speeches became considerably less political compared to those in the 1890s, and their purposes were changed to the reform of customs, civilization and enlightenment. Speech educators in the 2nd period such as Ahn Guk‐seon and Kim Gwang‐je delivered public speeches at schools, youth associations, women’s associations, etc. throughout the country, and published speech textbooks like Yeonseolbeopbang and Yeonseoldaehae. Along with these changes, the targets of speech education were also changed to literate ‘civilized gentry or promising youth.’ As text‐based speech education became possible, advanced education was executed on speech methods, speech writing, famous model speeches, etc. In response to the trend of advanced text‐based speech education, the concepts of lecture and speech were refined and the concept of speech, which was a generic term of public speech, was settled as ‘address.’Research on the formation process of modern speech is now at its introductory stage. This study was started from the general purposes of tracing the development of modern speech in the early modern times focusing on speeches in the Kaewhagy and examining its meanings. The present researcher will make long‐term research plans and conduct further research continuously.