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합리성의 제약요인으로서 정책딜레마와 정책변화: 금산분리 관련 정책을 중심으로Policy Dilemma as a Restriction Factor of Rationality and Policy Change: A Focus on the Financial Regulation about Separation Banking and Commerce

Other Titles
Policy Dilemma as a Restriction Factor of Rationality and Policy Change: A Focus on the Financial Regulation about Separation Banking and Commerce
Authors
김태은박종수
Issue Date
Jun-2008
Publisher
한국행정학회
Citation
한국행정학보, v.42, no.2, pp 371 - 399
Pages
29
Journal Title
한국행정학보
Volume
42
Number
2
Start Page
371
End Page
399
URI
https://scholarworks.sookmyung.ac.kr/handle/2020.sw.sookmyung/148204
ISSN
1226-2536
2733-8754
Abstract
본 연구는 왜 정책이 형성되고 변화하는가라는 질문에 대해 기존의 정책모형이 아닌 객관적 합리성의 제약요인으로서 딜레마를 적용하여, 딜레마의 강도가 높은 집단간 딜레마 사례인 ‘금산분리’ 을 분석하였다. 선택을 전제로 하여 결과가치가 동등한 상충된 두 개의 가치가 동시에 존재할 경우를 의미하는 딜레마는 객관적 합리성을 제약하고, 이에 따라 딜레마의 대응(정책결정과 변화)을 가져온다는 것이다. 분석결과, 첫째, 딜레마 상황은 객관적 합리성을 제약시켜 크게 3가지의 정책대응, 즉, 적용제외 및 예외조항의 신설 및 확대와 같은 대응(독점규제및공정거래에관한법률), 분리대응 및 비일관적 대응(금융산업구조개선에관한법률), 제 3자원의 활용(자본시장과금융투자업에관한법률)이 나타났다. 즉, 이는 금산분리와 관련된 영역에서의 정책형성과 변화의 원인이 곧, 딜레마 상황이 유발하는 객관적 합리성의 제약에 따른 대응의 결과임을 보여준다. 둘째, 금산분리와 관련된 3개의 법률(시행령)을 살펴볼 때, 각각의 법률별로 상이한 3가지 유형의 딜레마 대응이 동시에 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 대응의 핵심은 원칙적으로 금산분리를 내세우면서도, 실질적 내용에 있어서는 지속적으로 완화를 추진한 형식주의적 대응이었다. 셋째, 딜레마는 하나의 제도적 요인으로서 객관적 합리성을 제약하여, 정책결정자로 하여금 형식주의적 대응을 하도록 선택을 제약하였다. 이러한 분석결과는 제한된 합리성하에서의 새로운 정책결정모형으로서 딜레마모형의 가능성을 제시한다
This study addresses why public policy is established and changes by adopting the dilemma concept as a factor restricting objective rationality, rather than a traditional policy making model. This paper analyzes the case of the ‘Separation of Banking and Commerce' since this case is a dilemma case with an intense dilemma among groups. Dilemma constrains the objective rationality; the result leads the several dilemma responses such as policy making and changes. The findings were as follows. First, dilemma context restricted the objective rationality. As a result, there appeared three major policy responses: 1) response as creation and extension of application exclusion or exception clauses (Fair Trade Acts), 2) separation and inconsistent response (Act on Structural Innovation of Financial Industry), 3) application of third resource (Act on Capital Market and Financial Investment Industry). This shows that the cause of policymaking and change is the result of policy response according to the constrained objective rationality induced by dilemma in the context of separation of banking and commerce industry. Second, the examination of three Legislations (including Enforcement Ordinances) shows that the three different types of dilemma responses progressed simultaneously with each legislation. The nature of such responses was the formalism that the policy maker continues to seek relaxed restriction on the merge of banking with the commerce industry while they insist on the separation in principle. Third, dilemma constrained the objective rationally as one of institutional factors and forced the policy makers to make a choice of a formal response. Those analysis results may present the possibility of a dilemma model as policymaking model under bounded rationality.
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