원대 관우숭배와 관우 형상의 변화

Abstract

Zaju(雜劇) is a genre representing culture during Yuan dynasty(元代) as mainstream of Chinese traditional opera and positioned as important status in Chinese traditional opera history. In particular, in case of Zaju during Yuan dynasty, a work based on historical ancient story or character as topic drew unusual popularity and at its center, ‘GuanYu(關羽)’ who was a general during ShuHan(蜀漢) was appeared. GuanYu was one of historical characters who received respect from all walks of life as well as writers of such Zaju and Chinese former dynasty regarded him as a symbol of faithfulness, bravery and a target of worship and further deified him. Particularly during Song dynasty, he was worshipped by giving him fenghao(封號). Even during Yuan dynasty followed by Song dynasty, GuanYu worshipping phenomenon was continued. Ruling class of Yuan dynasty who was originally Mongolian used GuanYu worshipping phenomenon as a means of reforming ruled class by combining it with religion (Buddhism). Ruled class also worshipped GuanYu under various private rituals and depicted him as diversified images by having him appear on Zaju stage. Zaju having GuanYu as main character is called as ‘Guanyuju(關羽劇)’ and character image of GuanYu appeared in this Guanyuju is not stereotyped and appeared in diversified images such as human being, ghost, god. In this study, GuanYu worshipping phenomenon that is creation background of Guanyuju was intended to be observed by dividing it into Yuan dynasty. In addition, exploring change of Guanyu shape.