경기지역 고려 분묘 조성의 확대와 사후관

Abstract

The study examined the change of tomb of Goryeo focusing on stone lined tomb pit burial and conjectured the view of the after-death by reviewing features of tomb relics. There were 38 excavation reports of Goryeo tomb in Gyeonggi. By region, it includes Yongin(8), Hwaseong(5), Pyeongtaek(5), Anseong(3), Goyang, Paju, Ansan, Yeoju and Hanam (2) and Namyangju, Yangju, Osan, Uiwang, and Seongnam(1). It was total 286 including 76 stone lined tomb, 200 pit burials, 1 ja burial, 8 coffin wood and 1 stone coffin. The tomb of Goryeo was enacted at the first year of reign of King Gyeongjong and was complete at the 37th year of reign of King Munjong. And the size of tomb for the Commoners’ Class was added. In principle, burial was the ordinary method of disposal of dead body and tomb was not only for a specific class. But, since the reign of King Seongjong, those who constructed tombs and performed rite sincerely were given the official hierarchy, and tombs were constructed for many war dead and defense troops during the war against the Jurchen at the reign of King Munjong other than noble hierarchy. Therefore, tomb size regulation was complete in order to ensure the discrimination of the laity against the noble hierarchy. The Commoners’ Class seems to be the class of Paekjong who resided in Gunhyeon, paid tax and services and had no barrier for official posts. At the mid-Goryeo period, huge death took place due to natural disaster, 122 한국중세사연구 제41호epidemics and battles against the Jurchen. The disposition of the dead had to be made by the national level, and the Commoners’ Class was in a condition of developing tombs. As the condition of the time was not sufficient economically for cremation or stone lined tomb, it seems that pit burial was selected for easy construction with less finance. Meanwhile, Buddhism that engaged in the ritual during Goryeo deeply came to be away from the desire of the Commoners’ Class due to its strong noble Buddhism trend after the mid-Goryeo period. At the later Goryeo period, a new introduction of Confucianism led to vitalize the construction of pit burial. Tomb relics were combination of pottery, porcelain, bronze implement, and iron implement after the mid-Goryeo period which continued to the later Goryeo period. Relics such as coins and sickles were for invocation of safe protection of the dead and bowl was for the remembering the way to the other world by offering food. And, relics that were favorite goods of the dead were buried together in order to separate the space between the dead and the living.