신라 사선무(四仙舞) 역사적 배경과 의미

Abstract

Traditional dance is the important treasure that contains the movement and artistic spirit of people at that time when it was performed. So the origin of the dance has an important historical meaning. This study attempted to investigate the historical backgro-und and meaning of Saseonmu in the Silla Kingdom. First, Hwarang of the Silla Kingdom performing Saseonmu was the representative figures of the Silla culture respected as ‘Gukseon’ or ‘Seonin’. They performed the role of the warrior, musician, officiant and was trained in ‘Sanmadoeui(想磨道義)’․‘Sangueolgarak(想悅歌樂)’․‘Yuosansu(遊娛山水)’ for the purpose of these activities. Four Hwarangs performing Saseonmu, were Youngrang, Ansang, Sulrang and Namrang. Second, ‘Yuosansu’, one process of training for Hwarang, is not to wander in search of noted mountains and large rivers from a perspective of simple discipline. In the light of the fact that the place where the king performed the sacrificial rite and the place where Hwarag wandered around and enjoyed mountains and rivers, the association between both of them is made more clear. The ‘wandering and enjoying of mountains and rivers by Hwarang in the Silla Kingdom contains the meaning of the religious and shamanist nature and of the protection of the country. Accordingly, Saseonmu is related to the faith of the mountain god in the Kumgang Mount. Third, Saseonmu is called “Sainchimu”. As shown in the ancient heaven-worshipping rite, ‘Chimu’ has the ritual function of sacrifice and ceremony. “Chi(醉)” is the personal experience of performing the sacrificial rite to the heaven and get united with god. It was one process of performing the sacrificial rite to the mountain god of the Kumgang Mount to Saseon Hwarang performed the dance on the Museondae of the Kumgang Mount. Fourth, it can be seen that this dance was performed in the late Silla Kingdom. In light of the fact that ‘Hwarang’ was used in the late Silla Kingdom and ‘Seonrang’, ‘Gukseon’, ‘Seonkwan’, and ‘Seonin’ were used in the Goryeo Dynasty and that the religious system of Sansanoak and Myongsandaecheon was firmly established in King Sinmun since the unification of the ancient three kingdoms, it is possible to analogize that it was performed in the late Silla Kingdom. Based on the above findings, this study attempted to summarize the Saseomu of the Silla Kingdom as follows: The Saseonmu of the Silla Kingdom was the dance prevailing in the late Silla Kingdom. The flowers of youth in the Silla Kingdom such as Youngrang, Assang, Sulrang and Namrang performed this dance on the Museondae of the Kumgang Mount. It is possible to analogize that its contents took a character of the ceremonious dance of performing the sacrificial rite for the mountain god of the Kumgang Mount. The artistic spirit contained in this Saseonmu has the religion of the mountain god prevailing in the Silla Kingdom and the spirit of Hwarang's 'wandering in search of mountains and rivers' as its background. It was found that Saseonmu was near to the dance for the sacrificial rite as part of the rite for the mountain god rather than the meaning that the flowers of youth(Hwarang) enjoyed in search of mountains and rivers.