한국의 사회적 위험과 여성: 가족위험 및 노동시장 위험을 중심으로

Abstract

As the world became a post-industrial society, the risk spectra became wider due to new diffusible risks, so social risks came to spread beyond the borders of space and time. Women are at a social disadvantage, so they expose themselves to more dangerous risks than other groups. Unlike in the past, women's status has dramatically changed due to the weakening of patriarchy, the increasing number of women receiving higher education and participating in the labor market, and legal changes. These changes have elevated women's status in society; however, women continue to live in a sexist climate due to a persistent patriarchal culture and the current neo-liberal economy. Despite the increase of women householders and women's economic activity, most of them are engaged in irregular and low-income jobs, and are also caught in a conflict between their work and family because of gender role stereotypes. Women are in a group which holds high risks by the social insurance based on a full-time workforce. Given these circumstances, women ought to be placed in a genderized structure and the differences among women should be shown. The study, therefore, analyzes social risks and women's status especially by dividing the social risks into the experiences of risk, coping risk, deprivation of risk management, etc. and women's status into dimensions of stratification and gender. It, furthermore, examines through empirical study which of the two dimensions is a more influential factor for women's risks. The results of the research are as follows; first, the analysis of the difference among women groups showed that the older the woman is and the lower her income and class-identifying status is, the higher the experience of risk and deprivation of risk management is. Second, in coping risk, men scored higher than women, while in experience men scored higher than women. In this respect it is necessary to design a risk management program in connection with the dimensions of stratification and gender, and to systematically ensure that women's status is not degraded from the risk caused by overlapping gender to class for women's escaping from the risks.