한국전쟁기 서울 경찰과 후방치안

Abstract

For Korean war, police carried out combat activities as participating in missions of UN and Korean army, and besides, established domestic security like suppressing guerrilla, handling helpers, and implemented main supply channel guarantee, contribution to UN and Korean army missions, and urgent order about migrating refugee, and emergency mission like national important facilities guard. Seoul police was led by Seoul city mayor with deploying police state under Seoul city according to local autonomy rule established in the 4th of November 1949, and Seoul police also carried out emergent missions according to the war. When Korean war was broken out, Seoul police took back with army. However, after recovery of Seoul on the 28th of September, Seoul police came back and was responsible for security in arranging police at each police station. The government which came back on the 17th of October apologized for the government attitude to citizen, however soon began arresting helpers for 3 months under North Korea. Soon after recovery until union inspection state which was army .prosecute .police was made on the 17th of October, police was in charge of arresting helpers, and after then, police was a center of arresting helpers. Because China army intervened into the war in the 3rd of January 1951, Seoul police took back to Daegu and worked there for security, and then they recovered every police station in Seoul on the 16th of March. Security state came back in Seoul June 18 1953, and the government did not come back to Seoul because of UN's objection but it could come back on the August after armistice agreement on July 1953. In spite of police and UN army's control, refugee people who did not have living gain came back to Seoul through cross over river despite danger and the number was approaching to 1.0 million before official capital returned. Until the end of 1952, Seoul refugee of 1.18 million was splitted to the whole country, and Seoul return was permitted after armistice. During this period, police arrested helpers with security of Seoul, controled cross over river. Police also was enforcing philosophy check with inspecting for issuing citizen card. Seoul citizen had to always bring citizen card which was a proof not to communist. In the middle of Korean war, Seoul police was controling broadly toward even people's life, it was in charge of a major role to enforce anti-communism country through security guarantee and punishment for helpers by obtaining control power at administrative offices.