기업과 인권에 대한 국제사회의 대응 －최근 UN의 논의에 대한 비평－

Abstract

Traditional human rights issues usually occur between the state and individuals,but recently we have seen human rights violations made by multinational enterprises. In some cases such violations were more serious than those of the state. To tackle this issue, international society have taken various measures, and, in particular, the United Nations have made many efforts since 2000. Most of all,the “Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational and Other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights” in 2003 were a significant achievement although these were not officially endorsed by the UN. After that, the UN appointed John Ruggie as a “Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises”,whose role is to provide a new policy framework for business and human rights. He researched various areas concerning business human rights, and provided “Protect,Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Right” in 2008,and “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United States ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework” in 2011, both of which were endorsed by the United Nations. This article reviews these efforts made by the UN in terms of the collision between voluntarism and legal regulation and make some critical comments on UN’s policies made by John Ruggie.