현대 번역학의 변화와 발전에 대한 고찰

Abstract

Modern translation studies have flourished since the last half of the 20th century partly because of the exponential increase of the volume and types of texts translated and partly because of EU requirements that all the documents should be translated into all the official languages (23 languages as of 2009) which forced people to realize the importance of effective and efficient translation method. In an attempt to provide a theoretical framework for this newly emerging discipline, Holmes proposed a map of translation studies. In this map, he divided translation studies into two branches: pure and applied. The pure branch is further divided into theoretical and descriptive; and the applied branch is divided into translation education, translation aids, translation policy, and translation criticism. According to Chesterman, some of the concepts, norms, strategies and values in the pool of contemporary translation studies are from previous generations. Chesterman introduces five supermemes that come up again and again in the history of translation: source-target, equivalence, untranslatability, free-vs- literal, and all-writing-is-translating. Building up from these five supermemes, he introduces eight major stages in the development of translation studies from ancient times: words; the words of God; rhetoric; logos; linguistic science; communication; target; and cognition. In this paper, an attempt is made to provide analysis, critical assessment and classification of various branches of contemporary translation studies building on the concepts introduced by Holmes and Chesterman. The analysis reveals that the modern translation studies could indeed be divided into pure and applied branches as Holmes suggested. The pure branch could also be divided into theoretical and descriptive branches. But unlike Holmes’ map, the pure branch is divided into translation methodology oriented translation studies and translation research method oriented translation studies. The descriptive branch is divided into linguistically oriented translation studies; culturally oriented translation studies; medium oriented translation studies; and specific text type and genre oriented translation studies. The applied branch is divided into translation education, translation evaluation and translation aids.