드골의 대미외교정책, 1958-1969

Abstract

This article raises a question as to whether de Gaulle was an anti-american just as one thought with several cases of foreign competition particularly with the Unites States, for example, the development of nuclear weapons for the self-reliance of national defense, that is a core foreign policy toward the Unites States from 1958 to 1969, and the construction of ‘Europe of Europe’. Judging the realities of power carried more weight than logic or sentiment did in cross-border relations, de Gaulle emphasized the neutrality between the United States and the Soviet Union and the partnership between France and the United States, and pursued the national interests, ‘grandeur’ and ‘honor’ of France at all times. What is not to overlook for grasping the substance of de Gaulle’s foreign policy toward the United States is the fact that de Gaulle’s criticism and resistance to the United States has a strong strategic character to secure the independence of France and the autonomy of Europe not by denying but by weakening the american hegemony itself. Therefore, the characteristics of de Gaulle’s foreign policy toward the United States should be approached in the dimension of realism basing on utility instead of ideology, not in the dimension of complete disapproval (anti-americanism) or acceptance(pro-americanism) of american values.

Cette etude se pose sur la question de la myth de “A ete-il de Gaulle anti-americain?” par les cas de competition avec les Eats-Unis a travers le centre de la politique etrangere de de Gaulle entre 1958 et 1969, par exemple, le developpement des armes nucleaires pour la defense nationale et la construction de l’Europe europeenne. Attachant beaucoup de prix au poids de la realite de puissance par rapport le logic ou le sentiment entre les relations des nations, de Gaulle poursuivait l’interet national, la grandeur et l’honneur de France, en soulignant la neutralite entre les Etats-Unis et les Union Sovietique, en outre le partenariat entre la France et les Etats-Unis. Pour de Gaulle, la substance de la diplomatie des Etats-Unis a ete fort de la caracteristique strategique en s'assurant l’independance de France et l’autonomy d'Europe sans denier l’hegemonie americaine. Ainsi, la politique etrangere de de Gaulle envers les Etats-Unis doit etre approchee de non pas la dimension de l’anti-americainisme ou le pro-americainisme, mais la dimension du realpolitik reposant sur la utilite que l'ideologie dans le monde diplomatique.