외국인 근로자의 직장 만족 및 공정성 인식 유형과 이직 의도의 관계: 잠재프로파일 분석을 중심으로

초록

(Purpose) The purpose of this study was to identify latent profiles of workplace satisfaction and perceived fairness among E-9 foreign workers and to examine factors associated with profile membership as well as the relationship between these profiles and turnover intention. (Research methods) The study analyzed data from 3,298 E-9 (Non-professional Employment) visa holders using the 2025 Survey on the Residence and Employment Status of Immigrants jointly conducted by the Ministry of Justice and the National Data Agency of Korea. Latent profiles of workplace adaptation were identified using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) with the tidyLPA (Ver. 2.2.3) and mclust packages in R. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with profile membership, and binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between workplace adaptation profiles and turnover intention. (Findings) The findings are as follows. First, four distinct workplace adaptation profiles were identified: the Internal Satisfaction–Fairness Dissatisfaction profile, Moderate Adaptation profile, High Adaptation–Fairness Satisfaction profile, and Low Adaptation–Vulnerable profile. Second, the presence of children, religion, residential area, monthly income, and Korean language proficiency were significant predictors of workplace adaptation profile membership. Third, workers with higher levels of workplace adaptation were significantly less likely to report turnover intention, whereas those in the Low Adaptation–Vulnerable profile exhibited the highest likelihood of turnover intention. These findings suggest that workplace adaptation is shaped by the interaction between individual characteristics and work-related conditions, and that enhancing workplace adaptation may contribute to reducing turnover intention among foreign workers (Conclusion and recommendations) Based on these findings, this study discusses policy implications for developing tailored employment support systems reflecting workplace adaptation profiles and for improving immigration and employment policies that promote stable settlement and social integration of foreign workers.

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