미취업 중고령자의 노동시장 재진입 장벽 잠재유형 연구: 2024 고령화고용패널(KLoEE) 3차 기본조사를 중심으로

초록

This study aims to identify latent profiles of perceived labor market re-entry barriers among unemployed middle-aged and older adults who have experienced job separation, and to examine the characteristics of each profile. Using the 3rd wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Employment and Ageing (KLoEE, 2024) conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service, a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on 257 unemployed middle-aged and older adults who fully responded to six items measuring re-entry barriers. The analysis identified three latent classes. The first, labeled the Multiple-Exclusion type (29.1%), perceived high barriers across all six domains. The second and largest, the Competency-Redesign type (55.0%), was characterized by salient wage-condition and age barriers but relatively low skill- and experience-deficit barriers. The third, the Condition-Search type (15.9%), showed low barrier perception overall, although wage-condition and work-environment barriers were not negligible for a minority of this group. Across the latent classes, most sociodemographic characteristics and prior-job characteristics, including previous wage, showed no significant differences, whereas household income differed significantly. Latent work intention differed at a marginal level, with the Multiple-Exclusion type showing the highest proportion of passive work intention and the Condition-Search type the highest proportion of active work intention. These findings suggest that unemployment among middle-aged and older adults is not merely a matter of individual deficits in competency or motivation, but a transitional state in which multiple barriers are combined within a segmented labor market structure. This study extends middle-aged and older worker employment research from a focus on re-employment outcomes toward the patterning of barriers, and provides a basis for designing tailored employment support systems grounded in barrier-type diagnosis rather than uniform, age-based approaches.

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