Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

초록

The genetic relationship between Taraxacum species, also known as the dandelion, is complicated because of asexual and mixed sexual apomictic reproduction. The usage of Taraxacum species in traditional medicines make their specialized metabolism important, but interspecific chemical difference has rarely been reported for the genus. In this study, we assembled the chloroplast genome and 455 rDNA of six Taraxacum species that occur in Korea (T. campylodes, T. coreanum, T. erythrospermum, T. mongolicum, T. platycarpum, and T. ussuriense), and performed a comparative analysis, which revealed their phylogenetic relationships and possible natural hybridity. We also performed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phytochemical analysis to reveal interspecific chemical diversity. The comparative metabolomics analysis revealed that Taraxacum species could be separated into three chemotypes according to their major defensive specialized metabolites, which were the sesquiterpene lactones, the phenolic inositols, and chlomgenic acid derivatives. The CP DNA- and 455 rDNA-based phylogenetic trees showed a tangled relationship, which supports the notion of ongoing hybridization of wild Taraxacum species. The untargeted LC-MS analysis revealed that each Taraxacum plant exhibits species-specific defensive specialized metabolism. Moreover, 455 rDNA-based phylogenetic tree correlated with the hierarchical cluster relied on metabolite compositions. Given the coincidence between these analyses, we represented that 455 rDNA could well reflect overall nuclear genome variation in Taraxacum species.

키워드