하라 다카시(原敬) 내각 시기 다나카 기이치(田中義一) 육군 군정의 재검토 - 군민(軍民) 관계 수복의 시점에서 -

초록

This article reexamines the motive and contents of Minister of War Tanaka Giichi's army reform in Hara Takashi Cabinet, focusing on his effort to recover civil-military relation in Japan, when the relation was wavering before and after the end of the First World War. After Russo-Japanese War, he had consistently emphasized the necessity of civil-military cooperation. However, he felt danger from the outbreak of Rice Riots(Kome sōdō) just before the end of the First World War, and from the revolution and defeat of Germany. And after the end of the War, he worried that active-duty soldiers and reservists might be shaken ideologically by living difficulties, and national criticism toward the army and its conscription system might be provoked by the conscription abolition issue in Paris Conference. Accordingly, in order to prevent active-duty soldiers and reservists' ideological problems by stabilizing their livings, Tanaka raised their salaries and pensions drastically and took a direct part in foundation of military assistance organizations. And to reduce national burden of military service, he tried to improve treatment to soldiers in barracks by revising army handbook of standing orders(Guntai Naimusho) and army education ordinance(Guntai Kyōikurei), and shortened the period of active service to 2 years not only for infantry, but also for almost all branches. This reform shared direction with previous one, in which Tanaka had taken part as a member of working group, after Russo-Japanese War. And he showed his positiveness, not only by dismissing oppositions from Army General Staff Office(Sambōhonbu) or Yamagata Aritomo, but also by colliding with Ministry of Finance(Ōkurashō) or persuading Prime Minister Hara to acquire necessary budget. This shows his will to recover civil-military cooperation, more than to modernize the army.

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