ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

Due to rapid climate change, it is necessary to change the energy policy to realize carbon neutrality. On October 27, 2021, the Ministry of Environment prepared a milestone for 2050 carbon neutrality, and at the cabinet meeting held on the same day, the 2050 carbon neutral scenario and the national greenhouse gas reduction target (NDC) for 2030 were deliberated and confirmed. Accordingly, the government decided to reduce the national greenhouse gas emission by 40% by 2030 compared to the national greenhouse gas emission in 2018 as an intermediate goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. The so-called ‘General Act on Carbon Neutrality’, which comes into effect on March 25, 2022, stipulates that the mid- to long-term national greenhouse gas reduction goal is to reduce by 35% or more compared to 2018 by the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree. The enactment of General Act on Carbon Neutrality to implement each country’s greenhouse gas reduction goals can be viewed positively, but there are many things that need to be supplemented in the content of the Act. It’s basic framework largely maintains the framework of the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth. Only non-binding plans for realizing carbon neutrality are stipulated, for their effectiveness, but it is necessary to define a binding ‘action plan’ or ‘execution plan’. Above all, a ‘control tower’ is needed to realize the national master plan and effectively respond to climate change response through greenhouse gas reduction. The General Act on Carbon Neutrality does not stipulate such content at all. The 5th Renewable Energy Basic Plan presented by the government includes comprehensive policies such as improvement of licensing regulations, upward adjustment of the mandatory supply of new and renewable energy (RPS), R&D investment in promising new and renewable fields, and infrastructure innovation. However, in order to promote these policies stably and systematically, they must be clearly stipulated in the Act. For carbon neutrality, the new energy policy is an important national task for the future. It is uncertain whether these policies will be maintained as the new government is inaugurated. For the realization of 2050 carbon neutrality, the current renewable energy legislation is insufficient. Systematic reform of the New and Renewable Energy Act is necessary, and there are many outdated or flawed provisions in this Act. It is necessary to systematically reorganize the licensing procedures and planning regulations for renewable energy facilities such as solar energy and onshore wind energy. A special Act on the installation of offshore wind power plants is pending in the National Assembly. Inadequate and unclear provisions in the Act should be sufficiently supplemented in the legislative process. After the new government takes office, policies and systems related to the realization of carbon neutrality will be discussed anew. In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, renewable energy cannot be completely excluded, and it is important to check whether the policy is feasible. Above all, a long-term plan for energy policy must be established, and in order to continuously and effectively promote it, it is important to reorganize the relevant new and renewable energy legislation.

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