ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

This study analyzes the science and technology(S&T) diplomacy strategies of the United States and China amid their competition for technological dominance. The intensifying US-China technological rivalry has triggered a geopolitical shift, which in turn has reshaped the S&T diplomacy strategies of both countries. In this regard, this research analyzes the strategic changes in US and Chinese S&T diplomacy based on the three types of science diplomacy: ‘diplomacy for science,’ ‘science in diplomacy,’ and ‘science for diplomacy.’ In ‘diplomacy for science,’ the US-led strengthening of technology alliances has polarized scientific research and talent exchanges, except for limited joint research on climate change. In ‘science in diplomacy,’ the US uses G7/G20, while China leverages BRICS and the UN to enhance their influence within international regulatory frameworks. However, cooperation in advanced technology governance remains minimal. In ‘science for diplomacy,’ both nations are expanding their technological, economic, and political influence, with China notably providing scientific and technological resources to developing countries. This fragmentation of science diplomacy could undermine global standards and hinder exchanges, posing risks to global technological innovation and human progress, which may be challenging to recover from. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen cooperation and pursue a balanced approach science and technology diplomacy to support human scientific advancement, sustainable development, and the resolution of global challenges.

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