ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

The acceleration of digital transformation, changes in the industrial structure, and the growth of the platform economy after COVID-19 have led to a rise in freelancing as a new type of employment. However, freelancers face significant challenges, including unstable income, unfair contracts, and insufficient institutional support for career development and professional enhancement. This study surveyed freelancers in six occupational categories in Seoul to analyze employment characteristics, contracts, work environments, unfair experiences, job competencies, and career paths. The findings revealed that freelancers in Seoul are predominantly women (54.9%), aged 30s and 40s, with many being college graduates. Work flexibility and job suitability were the main reasons for choosing freelancing. The average freelancing period was 7.8 years, with written contracts accounting for 65.3%, although oral contract practices persist. Income instability and lack of work were identified as the most significant challenges, with standard unfair practices such as non-payment of wages and unilateral contract changes. Core competencies required as freelancers included work-related knowledge and experience (42.6%), and there was a high demand for job-specific training. The most needed policies were a career recognition system (22.9%), standard contract guidelines (19.8%), and support for social insurance (17.6%). Based on these findings, this study suggests the following policy measures: First, establish a career management platform to support freelancers' career documentation and growth systematically. Second, customized education and training programs should be expanded to strengthen freelancers' job competencies. Third, public escrow systems should be promoted, and institutional measures should be introduced to ensure fair transactions between freelancers and clients. Finally, a support system should allow freelancers to report and address unfair treatment or human rights violations during contract negotiations or work performance. These measures aim to enhance the working environment, protect freelancers' rights, and support their sustainable career development.

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