ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

We performed a pilot study (N=30) to look for the Korean specific risk factors, which can explain an increased incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Korean population. Based on the promising data from the pilot study, we performed a case-control study (N=218, age: 64.4 ±13.4 years; N of men=116, 53.2%) with biological monitoring to analyze various biomarkers including clinical/hematological indices, oxidative or inflammatory biomarkers, e.g., c-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA) or homocysteine, the metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs), e.g., urinary 1-OHP, MeIQx and PhIP, and their DNA adducts, e.g., dG-C8-MeIQx and -PhIP, with UPLC/MS/MS. We also obtained participants’ epidemiological, clinical, and behavioral information and developed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to collect their food information for one year before cancer diagnoses. Total subjects consumed 53.4±74.0g/day of red meat, and 1.1±3.7g/day of processed meat. After adjustment for sex and age, there were no associations between CRC risk and red or processed meat intake, or urinary MeIQx or PhIP levels. However, there were inverse associations between CRC and milk or calcium intake (ps<0.05). In addition, urinary MeIQx levels were positively associated with intake of lipid or coffee (p=0.06, p<0.01, respectively). LDL-C and CRP levels in the cases were higher than ones from controls (ps<0.05). Among biomarkers, MDA levels were positively correlated to urinary levels of 1-OHP, PhIP and MeIQx (ps<0.05). These relations support the fact that PAHs or HCAs indirectly induce oxidative stress. Finally, fruits and milk intake showed protective effects, however, gender (man), CRP, and lipid intake were risk factors to CRC, based on multivariable regression analyses. Therefore, total lipid intake, oxidative stress, or inflammation may increase risks of CRC in Korean population rather than red or processed meat intake.