ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

It is a rare phenomenon in East Asian political history that three female rulers, including Suiko (椎古), Seondeok (善德), and Wu Zetian (武測天), who were crowned in the 6th and 7th centuries in the Japan, Silla, and Tang dynasy, appeared at the same time. Their rule took place at a time when all three countries developed into a centralized state centered on the royal authority, which this paper approached as the keyword of Buddhism, culture, and law. In other words, the atmosphere of political balance, economic development, and gender-free created through the dominoes of Buddhism, the opening of culture, and the enforcement of laws in East Asia, which formed the illusion of civilization, was related to the Queen's era. In the process, it was examined that each country's faith system, pedigree customs, flexible diplomacy, and desire for advanced leap forward played a significant role. First, the female divinity of folk beliefs, which had dominated the unconsciousness of the people, was reproduced in Buddhism in the form of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, driving the increase of female believers and the legitimacy of becoming female ruler. Second, it was also discovered that the cultural openness and gender equality culture formed through the prosperity and nomadic customs of the Tang Dynasty, the regents of Silla's matriarch, Doyueyangarang(都唯那娘) and Wonhwa(源花), and the activities of Japanese royal women and girld led to the expansion of women's social activities and the formalization of women's public offices. Third, these changes, in line with the demands of the times that require separation from the old forces, lead to the completion of the system that legislates the authority of the ruler, that is, the rule of law. The rule of law is the work of converting the authority of the ruler into a 'state system', which is meaningful as a milestone in the establishment of a central state centered on the royal authority. Therefore, the ascension and reign of the three queens, Suiko(椎古), Seondeok(善德), and Wu Zetian(武測天), can be understood as a cause and result of the organically connecting code of 'Buddhism-Culture-Law'. On the one hand, this suggests that women's governance aesthetics, or soft leadership, served as an important factor in entering the period of stability of reign and prosperity from the expansion of power and hierarchy in the 6th and 7th centuries in East Asian politics.

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