잠재성장모형을 적용한 중고령 취업자의 삶의 질 변화 궤적과 영향요인 분석 -임금노동자와 자영업자 비교 연구

초록

This study examines the trajectories of quality of life(QoL) among middle-aged and older workers and analyzes the factors influencing the changes. The target population was divided into wage and self-employed workers. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA) from 2014 to 2020, this study applies Latent growth modeling to empirically compare QoL changes by employment type. The results reveal that QoL among wage workers showed a linear upward trend, with significant individual variation in change trajectories. In contrast, the self-employed exhibited a curvilinear trend, where QoL initially increased but the growth rate diminished over time, with little variation across individuals. For wage workers, factors such as age, health, income, benefits, and organizational culture significantly affected their QoL. Notably, a workplace atmosphere encouraging early retirement positively influenced initial QoL but negatively impacted its rate of change. For the self-employed, only a few individual characteristics—such as gender, education, health, and household income—were significantly associated with initial QoL, while no predictors were significant for its rate of change. In the case of wage workers, factors like regular working hours, welfare benefits, and perceptions of older workers within the organization played key roles in enhancing QoL. However, job characteristics did not significantly explain changes in QoL among the self-employed. Based on these findings, the study discusses academic and policy implications and offers suggestions for future research, tailored to individual and job-related characteristics.

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