ScholarWorks@숙명여자대학교

초록

In his Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Rawls regards Hegel’s philosophy as ‘liberalism of freedom’ and pays attention to ‘free will’ in §27 of Hegel's Philosophy of Law. He understands the meaning of “the free will is the will that wills itself as the free will” in relation to the ‘political and social institution system’. In addition, Rawls deals with ‘liberalism’ in relation to Hegel’s critique of the social contract theory, and the core of Hegel’s critique of liberalism is that liberalism, which prioritizes individual freedom separated from community, does not see the ‘deep social roots’ of those who live in ‘established system of political and social institutions’. Rawls very positively evaluates Hegel’s critique of Hobbesian social contract theory as ‘one of Hegel’s great contributions’, and reveals that the ‘basic structure of society’ that he proposed in Theory of Justice also follows Hegel's point of view. His principles of justice apply to the basic structures of societies inseparable from individuals. According to Rawls, Hegel prepared an ‘ideal system’ of various institutions that established ‘modern freedom’, and this system is a ‘true political and social system of freedom’. Rawls understands the ‘total harmony of rational social institutions’ that makes such freedom possible as Hegel’s ‘Sittlichkeit’. This interpretation of Rawls is justified in that Hegel saw that individual freedom can only be maximized in the state, which is the highest level of ‘Sittlichkeit’ in Philosophy of Law. In this way, the perspective that the two philosophers emphasized ‘freedom realized as concrete institutions in society’ rather than looking at individual and community, freedom and social system in opposition, has meaningful timeliness for us who must face the problem of ‘establishing a new relationship between individuals and communities’, which has become essential in the post-corona era.

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