‘兜率․詞腦․嗟辭’의 語義에 대한 小考

초록

This article investigated the meanings of the three controversial terms: dosol, chasa and sanoe. These terms are related to Dosolga, a court song made in the period of King Yuri. These three terms have drawn attention by giving the significant clues about the meaning of the sanoe, a core term of the hyangga. However, the meanings of those three terms have not been clarified thoroughly despite the continual efforts in academia. Therefore this article verified the meanings of the three therms: dosol, chasa and sanoe, based on ancient archives. Dosol is interpreted to be originated from dosolcheon, which is a Buddhist term. Scholars have not accepted such an interpretation although they recognized that the meaning of the buddhist term, dosol, that is satisfaction, corresponds exactly to the context of the Dosolga. They emphasized that the Buddhism had not been imported yet during the period of King Yuri. However, this article reinvestigated this factor. When it comes to ancient Korean history narration, the historical facts before the import of the Buddhism were often recorded with Buddhist expressions, and so was in the case of the dosol. This article selected some examples to verify this fact in Samgukyussa, Samguksagi and Koryosa-akji. The meaning of the sanoe was verified through not only the interpretation in the Silla kingdom but also through that in the Koryeo dynasty. This term has been merely interpreted as a word of Silla people by contemporary scholars. However, many examples were discovered recently, which revealed that the term, sanoe was a common expression of Koryeo people. The term was discovered in the materials from the llth century to 13th century intensively, meaning that the term was used a lot in the Koryeo period. If we admit this fact, we cannot neglect the criticism by Hyeok Lyeon-jeong, a monk of the Koryeo dynasty. He interpreted sanoe as "subtle phrases". During the Koryeo period, the sanoe was always associated with a certain semantic category, which connotes serenity, preciseness, splendor, glorification, grace, sublime and beauty. These connotations should be considered when it comes to the interpretation of the sanoe. Chasa was also reconsidered. It has been interpreted as mourning words or merely exclamatory expressions. However, this article argued that another meaning of cha[嗟], that is "to glorify", should be considered. This interpretation makes the phrase "Yu-chasa-sanoe-gyeok[有嗟辭詞腦格]" more understandable; it means "to have the style of sanoe with glorifying phrases". Gyoungchan-sanoega, which is inscribed in the epitaph of Hyoun-hwa temple, is also related to cha[嗟], and the word signifies glorification in this case too. In conclusion, the phrase, "Sijak-Dosolga, Yu-chasa-sanoe-gyeok" should be interpreted as "The Song of Satisfaction was composed for the first time, and it contained the style of sanoe with glorifying phrases.