새로운 적성 개념으로서 특성복합체의 탐색

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 인지, 정서, 의지의 인간 특성 모두를 포함하는 광의의 적성 개념으로서 특성복합체를 탐색하고 그 특성복합체의 학업성취와 관련된 타당성을 밝히고자 한 것이다. 고등학교 1학년 남여학생 432명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 두 개의 고수준 능력인 유동적 지능과 결정적 지능특성들과, 5요인 성격특성, Holland의 6각형 흥미특성들 중에서 상호상관되어 함께 묶이는 5개의 특성복합체 - 1)과학/수학 특성복합체, 2)이지적/교양적 특성복합체, 3)예술적 특성복합체, 4)사회적 특성복합체, 5)사무적/관습적 특성복합체 - 가 발견되었다. 이 특성복합체들은 각각의 유형과 관련된다고 기대되는 자기보고식 교과목 성취와 높게 상관되었다. 또한 예체능을 제외한 모든 교과에서 지능 하나로 학업 성취변량을 설명하는 것보다는 성격과 흥미 특성을 함께 고려했을 때 추가로 더 많은 학업성취 변량을 설명하였다.

The purpose of this study was to explore several different types of trait complexes, each of which was represented by commonalities among ability, personality, and interest traits. Ability test which consisted of Gf and Gc intelligence, personality scale which consisted of five factors, and interest scale which consisted of six Holland vocational interest constructs were administered to 432 first-grade high school students. Five trait complexes were identified from the correlational analyses of ability, personality, and interest measures. These trait complexes were as follows: (a) science-mathematics, (b) intellectual-cultural, (c) artistic, (d) social, (e) clerical-conventional. Correlational analyses showed that the trait complexes tended to predict the expected school subjects' achievement scores on the basis of content similarity, indicating external validity of the trait complexes. Hierarchical regression analyses also showed significant increment in the proportion of variance of academic achievement scores due to personality and interest traits after the ability traits had already been taken into account, indicating predictive validity of the trait complexes. Two suggestions for future study were noted: (1) the use of multidimensional scaling methods or Canonical analysis for identifying trait complexes, (2) the use of school performance as a maximum ability measure instead of self-rating achievement scores as a typical measure.