19세기 중반 프랑스 주식합자은행의 출현과 크레디모빌리에(Crédit Mobilier)

Abstract

Crédit Mobilier was a French banking company, and one of the most important financial institutions of the world during the 19th century. It had a major role in the financing of numerous railroads and other infrastructure projects in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East by mobilizing the savings of middle class French investors as capital for vast lending schemes. The purpose of this article is to study, though cross-sectionally, the aspects and features of French industry and financial capitalism through the history of the success and failure of Crédit Mobilier as a typical example of joint-stock bank which appeared in the mid-19th century. To this end, the foundation of Crédit Mobilier by the Péreire brothers who were leading the innovation of French industrial and financial innovation, the Péreire brothers’ success and failure in the process of industrialization including railroading, and lastly the French Crédit Mobilier model’s transplantation and influence in the neighboring European countries will be discussed.