장 뒤뷔페(Jean Dubuffet): 전쟁의 상처와 인간의 실존

Abstract

Jean Dubuffet exhibited his work at the ‘Galerie René’ in Paris towards the end of October 1944, after Paris was liberated. He showed a range of quotidian imagery, a series of lithographs called ‘Les Murs’ that was harsh, urban and appropriately downbeat. ‘Les Murs’ were made to accompany existentialists, Guillevic’s poems. ‘Les Murs’ could reflect the everyday life in the street. Dubuffet had employed the motifs of urban graffiti and showed the people of streets. Dubuffet was submerged in Existentialism. In the early 1940s Limbour brought a succession of intellectuals and artists to meet Dubuffet, including the poets Francis Ponge, Paul Eluard and Eugene Guillevic. Dubuffet had read Sartre’s Nausea and declared: “I feel and declare myself warmly existentialist.” In the mid-forties, the existentialism contained a traumatic experience of the war, and Dubuffet’s paintings were the outcry against the anti human violence of the War. Dubuffet had second exhibition, entitled Mirobolus, Macadam et Cie/Hautes Pates , at the Galerie Rene Drouin in 1946 that many of those visiting were horrified by his new series of paintings. In the picture series Mirobolus, Macadam et Cie/Hautes Pates , he extends the use of colour: rather than applying paint to a flat surface, he moves towards using paint as a material in its own right. Jean Dubuffet has been regarded as the most important French painter in the second half of the twentieth century. Generally speaking, Dubuffet’s art is always dominated by culture, and yet liberated from it. The creative shock is triggered by the direct contact with the material. His art should emerge from the material and the tools, and carry traces of the tool and its struggle with the material. Dubuffet explore the expressive potential of the raw material in this way. His material art presented a new relationship between the image and matrial and is compared to the cave painting of Altamira. Dubuffet had started, in 1962, “L’Hourloupe” cycle that the basic mode is a linear pattern structured in cells. The structure is varied by the use of hatching of different intensity, offering the viewer visual hols within the “principle of the infinite”. Dubuffet had always been interested in the extent to which seeing was linked. Dubuffet has dead in may 1985. Jean Dubuffet has long been regarded as the most important Franch painter of the second half of the twentieth century. Even today, his vibrantly versatile oeuvre still draws the greatest international acclaim.