일본의 고악기 및 음악 복원에 관한 고찰- 일본 국립극장의 복원사업을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the reconstruction of music and musical instruments of ancient Japan, focusing on the reconstruction project of the National Theatre of Japan. A survey of musical instruments of ancient Japan in Shosoin (remains room of Japanese Royal family) started at the end of the 19th century and made progress in regular survey and study in 1948. As a result of these efforts, several musical instruments were reconstructed. However, it reconstructed artistic handicrafts for the most part since it put emphasis on the external appearance only. Therefore, the reconstruction of musical instruments per se started with the reconstruction project of the National Theatre of Japan. The National Theatre of Japan has reconstructed music and musical instruments of ancient Japan from 1975. From now, about 20 kinds of ancient musical instruments were reconstructed and used in various performances. With the reconstruction of ancient musical instruments, the National Theatre of Japan continues to give reconstruction concerts of ancient music broken off in its transmission. The reconstructed ancient music includes Dunhuang Pipa Scores discovered in China as weU as 228 Japanese ancient musical scores. Furthermore, they are offering concerts of newly composed music using reconstructed musical instruments. They entrusted works to a lot of composers for about 30 years and have performed one or two times every year. They produced various performances with liberal ideas and fresh planning. The purpose of the National Theatre of Japan in 'Reconstruction' is to 'create' perfom1ances harmonized with modem society, neither to go back to the past nor to reproduce music of ancient Japan as it is. Therefore, the project is realized by a continuous cooperation coordinated by the planner, among researchers and manufacturers of musical instruments, performers, composers and artists in such areas as fine arts, dance, sound, illumination and stage direction. The reconstruction work giving sound to musical instruments that have lost sound and musical scores broken off in their transmission has enlarged the scope of transmitting Japanese traditional music and has contributed to the discovery of its charms. Reconstruction music performances will have bigger possibility in the future according as various performances of entrusted works are produced more &equently.