일연선사비의 복원과 고려 승려 비문의 문도 구성

Abstract

Ilyeon(一然, 1206~1289) was an eminent monk in 13th century Goryeo. He wrote Sam-guk-yu-sa(三國遺事), which contains all around Korean ancient history, second oldest and important history. So he received the posthumous title Bogakguksa(普覺國師) which granted by the king. To the memory of his life, a monument to stupa was erected 1295, six years after his death. Ilyeon's monument to stupa was carved by Wang Hsi Chih(王羲之)'s collected letters, who was the greatest calligrapher, So many man wanted to get a rubbed copy of Ilyeon's monument to stupa, Now twenty seven copies were known as that rubbed copy. But Ilyeon's monument to stupa was most destroyed now. With the remained rubbed copies, we can reconstruct the original monument to stupa. Through the reconstruction, the front face completed almostly. But rear face is not complete yet. The rear face was divided three parts, the circumstance to the erection of monument to stupa, Ilyeon's disciples, and his official followers. This dividing style is unique in Goryeo. The date of erection was carved on the top site in large letters, and this is also an unique case. His disciples are consisted of 17 Daeseonsas(大禪師), 24 Seonsas(禪師), 2 Sujwase(首座), 40 Sallims(山林), 22 Samjungs(三重), 13 Daeseons(大選), 14 Ipseons(入選), 30 Chamhaks(參學), so all of them are 162 monks. Their name and position was reconstructed. His thirty nine official followers are consisted of 4 first ranks, 17 second ranks, 9 third ranks and 9 under fourth ranks officers. They positioned orderly by their ranks. Most of rear face was reconstructed by rubbed copies, but the below parts are not completed. If a new copy which contains new parts will found, the reconstruction will be supplemented. The reconstruction of Ilyeon's monument to stupa shows that the monument to stupa was consisted of 2,389 letters front face in thirty five lines, and 1,661 letters of rear face in thirty four lines. The name of the monument to stupa was carved in most big letters on the top of front face, and the erection date was carved in big letters on the top of rear face. The size of carved parts of the monument to stupa was estimated 101 centimeters width and 108 centimeters length. The list of Ilyeon's monument to stupa shows the adminstration of Goryeo Buddhist orders. Daeseonsa and other seven monk ranks is different from that of first half period of Goryeo. Sallim, Daeseon, Ipseon and Chamhak were newly appeared in late Goryeo period like this Ilyeon's monument to stupa, Most important change was the appearance of Gyojong(敎宗) monks are included in Seonjong(禪宗) Order. Basically the two orders are separated surely in early Goryeo, but in 13th century, Seon master Ilyeon's monument to stupa included some Gyo monks with most Seon monks. Like this, Ilyeon's monument to stupa offered many useful materials about various facts of Goryeo Buddhism. The reconstruction of other monk's monument to stupa also give us many historical materials. A new monument to stupa or an unrecognized rubbed copy is very important to know the little material period.