「可能性」を表す形容詞述語文の文型と用法

Abstract

This paper is a study of sentence patterns and usages in Japanese adjective predicative sentences that express 'Kanousei'. The main contents of the analysis results are as follows. ①Adjective corresponding to 'Kanousei' has two categories. One is an original adjective, including Muzukasii, Yasasii and the other is a transferred adjective, including Akarui, Abunai, Karui, Kitsui, Kibisii, Kurai, Kewasii, Hayai. ②There are 4 main sentence patterns of 'Kanousei'.: “N1ha･ga＋A”, “N2ha(ga)＋N1ga＋A”, “N2ni＋N1ha･ga＋A”, and “N2de＋N1ha･ga＋A” ③“N1ha･ga＋A” is one of the basic sentence patterns of adjectives of both sides. The main usage of this sentence pattern is the judgment on the realization of an action(“Surukoto”) and understanding activities(“Wakarukoto”), etc. ④The main usage of “N2ha(ga)＋N1ga＋A” is the judgment of Hayai that has two-categories sentence as the basic usage and returning usage of single-category sentence to two-categories sentence. ⑤The sentence pattern of “N2ni＋N1ha･ga＋A” is the usage of the subject of judgment. This is seen a lot in original adjectives such as Muzukasii, Yasasii transferred adjectives such as Karui, Kitsui and Kibisii. ⑥The sentence pattern of “N2de＋N1ha･ga＋A” is the usage of conditional criteria for judgment. This can be found a lot in adjectives with negative meanings such as Muzukasii, Abunai, Kitsui, and Kibisii.