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중국 문헌 소재 백제 건국전승의 실체와 배경-仇台의 사적과 國號 기원을 중심으로-

Authors
강진원
Issue Date
Feb-2020
Publisher
계명대학교 인문과학연구소
Citation
동서인문학, v.58, pp 59 - 87
Pages
29
Journal Title
동서인문학
Volume
58
Start Page
59
End Page
87
URI
https://scholarworks.sookmyung.ac.kr/handle/2020.sw.sookmyung/159347
DOI
10.37498/HSEW.2020.02.58.59
ISSN
2713-6493
Abstract
중국 문헌에 전하는 백제 건국 전승 가운데 仇台의 선대를 부여 시조 東明으로 보고 그가 요동의 公孫度과 통혼하였으며, ‘百家濟海’하여 건국하였던 까닭에 백제라 불렀다는 부분은 7세기 초‧중반 이후에 편찬된 사서에서 새롭게 등장하고 있다. 이들은 백제에서 통용되었던 전승이 아니고, 중국 측 찬자가 백제 왕실이 부여에서 출원하였다는 인식 아래 빚어낸 부회의 결과이다. 즉 부여와의 혈연적 연관성을 구하여 왕실의 조상을 동명으로 보았고, 부여왕 尉仇台를 구태로 오인하였다. 아울러 지배 집단이 부여에서 나왔다고 전해짐에도 불구하고, 실제 백제가 한반도 서남부에 위치하였다는 점을 설명하기 위하여 대규모 세력의 해상 이주를 상정하였다. 중국 문헌에 전하는 한국 고대 관련 기록은 타자의 손에서 작성되었기 때문에, 사실에 부합하지 않는 경우가 존재한다. 백제 건국 전승 역시 다르지 않다. 따라서 사료 활용에 있어 신중을 기할 필요가 있다.
The birth-tale of Baekje dynasty is recorded in ancient Chinese documents. Some birth-tales are newly stated in the Chinese history books written after the early and mid 7th century; for example, it is recorded that Gutae’s ancestor is Dongmyong the progenitor of Buyeo dynasty, that Gutae was married to Kongsun Du’s daughter, and that the name of county was called Baekje because many people sailed across the sea and found a state. Yet these tales were not told in Beakje, but in fact they were produced by the Chinese writer who added and distortded the stories under the notion that Byyeo was the origin-place of Baekje’s royal family. That is to say, because Chinese people considered that Baekje’s royal family had blood relationship with Buyeo’s royal family, they regarded Dongmyong as the ancestor of Baekje’s royal family and mistook Gutae for Wi Gutae, the king of Buyeo. Also, they presumed that many people migrated across the sea in order to explain the reason why Baekje was located in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula even though their royal family originated from Buyeo. The hisrorical records of ancient Korea are often incorrect for they were written by foreigners. Some part of Baekje Dynasty’ birth-tale is an example. Therefore, it is important to be cautious and level-headed when interpreting foreign records.
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