秦漢時代 官吏의 토지측량 업무와 그 한계 ― 당시 국가 정책과 관리의 실제 업무처리 상황을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

In this paper, attention was paid to land survey and related contents among the tasks that officials handle using arithmetic. The Qinshihuang(秦始皇) collected documents on the household register(戶口) and cropland made by each country to obtain information on the cropland of the whole Empire. The government encouraged the people to report their cropland information to the local authorities in the form of “self-report(自言)”, while asking the government functionary(官吏) to understand the situation of the people's cropland reclamation and to report the related situation at that time. The Duotianling(度田令) was implemented during the Guangwudi(光武帝) period, and the land survey emerged as the Xiangli(鄕吏) work became commonplace. Regarding the method of measuring the cropland, I mentioned three possibilities: first, measuring by Bugong(步弓); second, measuring by rope; and third, measuring by steps(步). Although there are still some ambiguity, it is thought that the government functionary took into one or two land survey methods according to the geographical situation of the area. During the Qin and Han Dynasty, the state advocated the standardization(標準化) of the whole empire, but local officials were able to take temporary measures depending on local circumstances when dealing with actual tasks. And if you look at the Tianzubu(田租簿) that has been excavated and confirmed, you can see that there are differences in the existence of “Shuitian(稅田)” between the Qin-Han Dynasty and that there are still some anomalous factors in the preparation of books related to the croplan of the Han Dynasty.