‘有/沒有’자 비교문과 ‘A+過’ 구문의 관련성 ― 비교 의미를 중심으로

Abstract

The negative form ‘X沒有(Y)這麼/那麼+A’ of ‘you(有)’ comparative sentence to indicate the comparison and the negative form that takes up a large proportion in ‘A+guo(過)’ structure ‘X沒有(Y)這麼/那麼+A過’ are quite similar on the surface. And both of them indicates the comparative meaning. However, as a result of the study, it was found that there are the following differences. The former sentence has a characteristic of a typical comparative sentence because it tries to grasp a subject in relation to another subject. However the latter sentence implies that a certain subject has changed its attribute over time, simultaneously implying the present state of the subject. Therefore the specification of the comparison criterion for the ‘you(有)’ comparative sentence is unrestricted. And since an ideal subject becomes a comparison criterion, the adjective tends to aim for a positive or neutral meaning. On the other hand, the ‘A+guo(過)’ sentence structure does not require a comparison criteria and there is no limit to the semantic qualities of adjectives. However, a small number of irreversible property adjectives cannot appear in this structure because of taking ‘guo(過)’. Finally, the demonstrative pronoun ‘zheme(這麼)/name(那麼)’ in the two phrases plays an important role in connecting the ideas that are generated after observing the comparative object and the comparative criterion. In the ‘you(有)’ comparative sentence, ‘name(那麼)’ is frequently used. On the other hand, in the ‘A+guo(過)’ structure, ‘zheme(這麼)’ is often observed. In addition, in the ‘A+guo(過)’ structure, ‘zheme(這麼)/name(那麼)’ causes discrepancies in form and meaning, and frequently accompanies ‘conglai(從來)’ and the amount/quantity expressions as additional components.