고려전기 개경의 파괴와 위상 유지

Abstract

This paper explores aspects of external transformation of the city Kaegyeong with emphasis on its destruction and restoration in the first half of the Goryeo Dynasty. The capital city as a center of a country functions as a pivot of politics, economy, culture as well as management of a nation. In this respect, attacks on a capital city during a wartime are a starting point to surrender. During the Goryeo Dynasty, a number of warfares, domestic and international, the capital city Kaegyeong was destructed and restored repeatedly. Although even the transfer argument of the capital city was raised, Kaegyeong served as a capital city until the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, except the period of 1232-1270, so-called transfer of the capital city to Kangwha. In particular, the capital city Kaegyeong was totally destroyed and demolished in the second year of Hyeonjong and the fourth year of Injong. After that, the capital city was restored. During the process of its destruction and restoration, several new changes were required. For instance, when Kaegyeong was destroyed, records about the restoration of palaces, Jongmyo, and Sajik could be discovered while the conditions of residential areas related to people in general had not been revealed. Facilities related with the King had great importance；this also showed that the system of Obubangri was maintained as a general residential system. If the royal palace was destroyed, the secondary palace functioned as a new core of the city. However, in the first half of the Goryeo Dynasty, Kaegyeong was not operated in a dynamic way. Instead, alternative cities such as Seogyeong or Namgyeong played the role of the capital city. This aspect has significance in operation of divergence with three major cities：Kaegyeong, Seogyeong and Namgyeong. However, this decentralization of the capital city gave rise to the transfer argument of the capital city. Therefore, there could be found limited changes in the process of destruction and restoration of the capital city. Kaegyeong was a capital city and had features of a medieval city until the end of the Goryeo Dynasty.