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Mixed electrochemical-ferroelectric states in nanoscale ferroelectrics

Authors
Yang, Sang MoMorozovska, Anna N.Kumar, RajeevEliseev, Eugene A.Cao, YeMazet, LucieBalke, NinaJesse, StephenVasudevan, Rama K.Dubourdieu, CatherineKalinin, Sergei V.
Issue Date
Aug-2017
Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Keywords
ENGL
Citation
NATURE PHYSICS, v.13, no.8, pp 812 - 818
Pages
7
Journal Title
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume
13
Number
8
Start Page
812
End Page
818
URI
https://scholarworks.sookmyung.ac.kr/handle/2020.sw.sookmyung/8206
DOI
10.1038/NPHYS4103
ISSN
1745-2473
1745-2481
Abstract
Ferroelectricity on the nanoscale has been the subject of much fascination in condensed-matter physics for over half a century. In recent years, multiple reports claiming ferroelectricity in ultrathin ferroelectric films based on the formation of remnant polarization states, local electromechanical hysteresis loops, and pressure-induced switching were made. However, similar phenomena were reported for traditionally non-ferroelectric materials, creating a significant level of uncertainty in the field. Here we show that in nanoscale systems the ferroelectric state is fundamentally inseparable from the electrochemical state of the surface, leading to the emergence of a mixed electrochemical-ferroelectric state. We explore the nature, thermodynamics, and thickness evolution of such states, and demonstrate the experimental pathway to establish its presence. This analysis reconciles multiple prior studies, provides guidelines for studies of ferroelectric materials on the nanoscale, and establishes the design paradigm for new generations of ferroelectric-based devices.
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