Taurine Protects Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Motor Neuron Cells

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fetal neurodegenerative disease that results in motor dysfunction and death. However, there is no cure or effective therapy for ALS. In our previous results, taurine protects motor neurons by repairing for constitutive oxidative stress in an ALS model. ALS is caused by multiple factors including inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, glutamate excitotoxicity and proteasomal dysfunction. Especially, glutamate excitotoxicity has been well known as a mediator in the disease process, and may occur from changes in the excitability of the neurons being stimulated. D-serine is known to a key factor of determination on glutamate toxicity in ALS. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of taurine from glutamate excitotoxicity using motor neuron cells, mtSOD1 (G93A) transgenic cell line model of ALS (NSC-34/hSOD1G93A cells). We evidenced that taurine protects cultured motor neurons from neurotoxic injury. Our findings indicated that taurine has neuroprotective properties and may be a good candidate for therapeutic trials in ALS.