정부수립기 경찰의 형성과 성격(1948-50)

Abstract

This paper is to analyze the formative process of Korean police for the period from 1948 to 1950 mainly in both aspects of the buildup of organization and the performance of its function. With the government established, the police was curtailed as National Police Headquarter under the Ministry of Home Affairs, nevertheless, it had a cozy relationship with Lee Government. Lee who grasped the Executive could use the police force for the purpose of elimination of his political rivals by making the police not independent but under the control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Furthermore, the two, Lee Government and the police of Japanese, came even closer together after the breakdown of the Special Investigation Committee of Anti-National Conduct. The police in that period got expended and more powerful with quasi-military organization for border guard and guerilla suppression. Especially, the number of the police was largely increased and a police-state systematized after Yeo-Soon Rebellion in 1948 caused the National Security Law. Through more power of the police, Lee Government built a control system over the people and exercised national mobilization. Shortly, the Korean police preserved the organization of Japanese and rather strengthened instead of maintaining public order on the neutral ground so that it produced a great effect on forming a nation on anti-Communism. Based on the role and character of the police during the state-forming period, it is provided that a police-state was in this period.