Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of red ginseng extract by fermentation
- Authors
- Jung H.-J.; Choi H.; Lim H.-W.; Shin D.; Kim H.; Kwon B.; Lee J.E.; Park E.-H.; Lim C.-J.
- Issue Date
- May-2012
- Publisher
- Royal Pharmaceutical Society
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory; antinociceptive; Bifidobacterium; fermentation; red ginseng
- Citation
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, v.64, no.5, pp 756 - 762
- Pages
- 7
- Journal Title
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Volume
- 64
- Number
- 5
- Start Page
- 756
- End Page
- 762
- URI
- https://scholarworks.sookmyung.ac.kr/handle/2020.sw.sookmyung/12383
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01460.x
- ISSN
- 0022-3573
2042-7158
- Abstract
- Objectives This work aimed to compare some pharmacological properties of red ginseng extract (RG) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). Methods Antinociceptive activity was analysed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouch, and analysed through the measurement of nitrite content in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Key findings In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FRG was stronger than that of RG in two animal models, vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the vascular permeability model, the doses of RG and FRG required for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) were 181 and 59 mg/kg, respectively. FRG exhibited significantly stronger antinociceptive activity than RG. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response, the IC50 values of RG and FRG were 153 and 27 mg/kg, respectively. Although both RG and FRG were able to suppress production of nitric oxide in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, the suppressive activity of FRG appeared to be stronger than that of RG. However, RG and FRG showed similar anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusions FRG possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity but similar anti-angiogenic activity than RG. © 2012 The Authors. JPP © 2012 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
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